Mapping Center Answer:

I think what you are asking is whether you can have the outline of the polygon NOT be transparent and the interior of the polygon BE transparent.  And you also want to be able to increase the width of the line used for the polygon outlines.

Yes, this can be done but you have to add the layer to your table of contents twice. For the layer on the bottom, you would set the Fills to the colors you want and you would set the layer transparency as you wish it to appear on the map. You can either set the Outline to zero width, No Color or a line width that will be smaller than the outlines. For the top layer, you would set the outline properties only, and you would set the Fill to No Color.  You can set the outline width to whatever size you wish it to appear on your map. When the two layers are displayed together on the map, you will see the results you are hoping for.